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Introduction: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong

"Introduction: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong". Focusing the Familiar: A Translation and Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong, edited by Roger T. Ames and David L. Hall, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001, pp. 1-60. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824862558-003

(2001). Introduction: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong. In R. Ames & D. Hall (Ed.), Focusing the Familiar: A Translation and Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong (pp. 1-60). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824862558-003

2001. Introduction: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong. In: Ames, R. and Hall, D. ed. Focusing the Familiar: A Translation and Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 1-60. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824862558-003

"Introduction: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong" In Focusing the Familiar: A Translation and Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong edited by Roger T. Ame

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Confucius

1. Confucius as Chinese Philosopher and Symbol of Traditional Culture

Because of the wide range of texts and traditions identified with him, choices about which version of Confucius is authoritative have changed over time, reflecting particular political and social priorities. The portrait of Confucius as philosopher is, in part, the product of a series of modern cross-cultural interactions. In Imperial China, Confucius was identified with interpretations of the classics and moral guidelines for administrators, and therefore also with training the scholar-officials that populated the bureaucracy. At the same time, he was closely associated with the transmission of the ancient sacrificial system, and he himself received ritual offerings in temples found in all major cities. By the Han (202 BCE–220 CE), Confucius was already an authoritative figure in a number of different cultural domains, and the early commentaries show that reading texts associated with him about history, ritual, and proper behavior was important to rulers. The first commentaries to the Analec

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Doctrine of the Mean

Central doctrine of Confucianism

"Zhongyong" redirects here. For the ruler of Wu, see Zhongyong of Wu.

This article is about the Confucian Doctrine of the Mean. For the Aristotelian Doctrine of the Mean, see Nicomachean Ethics.

The Doctrine of the Mean or Zhongyong is one of the Four Books of classical Chinese philosophy and a central doctrine of Confucianism. The text is attributed to Zisi (Kong Ji), the only grandson of Confucius (Kong Zi). It was originally a chapter in the Classic of Rites.

The phrase "doctrine of the mean" occurs in Book VI, verse 29 of the Analects of Confucius, which states:

The Master [Confucius] said, The virtue embodied in the doctrine of the Mean is of the highest order. But it has long been rare among people
— Analects, 6:29 (Burton Watson tr.)

The Analects never expands on what this term means, but Zisi's text, The Doctrine of the Mean, explores its meaning in detail, as well as how to apply it to one's life. The application of Confucian metaphysics to politics and virtue ethics. The text