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Abu'l-Wafa was an Islamic astronomer and mathematician who wrote commentaries on the works of earlier mathematicians.

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Abul Wafa al-Afghani

Hanafi scholar (1893–1975)

Abul Wafa Syed Mahmūd Shah al-Qadri al-Hanafi al-Afghani (25 June 1893 – 23 July 1975), also known as Abu Wafa Al Afghani, was a Hyderabad-based Afghani Islamic scholar, Hanafi faqih, and researcher.

Early life and education

Abul Wafa Al-Afghani was born in Qandahar on 10 Dhu al-Hijjah 1310 AH (25 June 1893 AD). His father, Syed Mubarak Shah Qadri, was an Islamic scholar.^[2]^[3]^[4]

He came to India from Qandhar for study and studied with scholars in Rampur and Gujarat in his teenage years. He subsequently traveled to Hyderabad, Deccan, in 1330 AH (1912) and enrolled in Madrasa Nizamia, where he graduated. His teachers included Anwarullah Farooqui, the founder of Jamia Nizamiya and Dairat al-Maarif al-Usmania, as well as Sheikh Abdus Samad, Sheikh Abdul Karim, Sheikh Ruknuddin, and Qari Muhammad Ayyub.^[2]

Career

Following graduation, Afghani was appointed as a teacher at Madrasa Nizamia, where he spent several years teaching literary Arabic, jurisprudence, and hadith

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Mohammad Abu'l-Wafa Al-Buzjani

Abu'l-Wafa was brought up during the period that a new dynasty was being established which would rule over Iran. The Buyid Islamic dynasty ruled in western Iran and Iraq from 945 to 1055 in the period between the Arab and Turkish conquests. The period began in 945 when Ahmad Buyeh occupied the 'Abbasid capital of Baghdad. The high point of the Buyid dynasty was during the reign of 'Adud ad-Dawlah from 949 to 983. He ruled from Baghdad over all southern Iran and most of what is now Iraq. A great patron of science and the arts, 'Adud ad-Dawlah supported a number of mathematicians and Abu'l-Wafa moved to 'Adud ad-Dawlah's court in Baghdad in 959. Abu'l-Wafa was not the only distinguished scientist at the Caliph's court in Baghdad, for outstanding mathematicians such as al-Quhi and al-Sijzi also worked there.

Sharaf ad-Dawlah was 'Adud ad-Dawlah's son and he became Caliph in 983. He continued to support mathematics and astronomy and Abu'l-Wafa and al-Quhi remained at the court in Baghdad working for the new Caliph. Sharaf ad-Dawlah required an o

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ABU’L-WAFĀ BŪZJĀNI

ABU’L-WAFĀʾ MOḤAMMAD B. MOḤAMMAD BŪZJĀNĪ, mathematician and astronomer, b. Wednesday, on the new moon of Ramażān, 328/10 June 940, at Būzǰān in the region of Nīšāpūr. He studied arithmetic under his paternal uncle, Abū ʿAmr Moḡāzelī, and his maternal uncle, Abū ʿAbdallāh Moḥammad b. ʿAnbasa, presumably at Būzǰān. He moved to Iraq at the age of nineteen (348/959-60) and soon became a leading mathematician and astronomer at the Buyid court in Baghdad. He is known to have made observations there in A.D. 974 (Bīrūnī, al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdī, Hyderabad, 1954-56, II, pp. 640, 654-55, 677; and Taḥdīd al-amāken, ed. P. Bulgakov, Cairo, 1964, p. 301) and in 976 (Qānūn II, p. 658). Bīrūnī asserts (Taḥdīd, p. 100) he knows that Abu’l-Wafāʾ made most of his observations in Baghdad at the Bāb al-Tebn, during the reign of ʿEzz-al-dawla (356-67/967-78), in A.H. 365-66/Yazdeǰerdī 345-46; these two pairs of years overlap between 22 March 976 and 18 August 977. Abu’l-Wafāʾ was also associated with the observatory established by Šaraf-al-da